diff --git a/crates/oxc_linter/src/rules.rs b/crates/oxc_linter/src/rules.rs
index f1c2048f5..5f5576776 100644
--- a/crates/oxc_linter/src/rules.rs
+++ b/crates/oxc_linter/src/rules.rs
@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ mod jest {
     pub mod prefer_to_contain;
     pub mod prefer_to_have_length;
     pub mod prefer_todo;
+    pub mod require_hook;
     pub mod require_to_throw_message;
     pub mod valid_describe_callback;
     pub mod valid_expect;
@@ -525,6 +526,7 @@ oxc_macros::declare_all_lint_rules! {
     jest::prefer_to_contain,
     jest::prefer_to_have_length,
     jest::prefer_todo,
+    jest::require_hook,
     jest::require_to_throw_message,
     jest::valid_describe_callback,
     jest::valid_expect,
diff --git a/crates/oxc_linter/src/rules/jest/require_hook.rs b/crates/oxc_linter/src/rules/jest/require_hook.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87d83c440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/oxc_linter/src/rules/jest/require_hook.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,632 @@
+use oxc_allocator::Vec as OxcVec;
+use oxc_ast::{
+    ast::{Argument, Declaration, Expression, Statement, VariableDeclarationKind},
+    AstKind,
+};
+use oxc_diagnostics::{
+    miette::{self, Diagnostic},
+    thiserror::Error,
+};
+use oxc_macros::declare_oxc_lint;
+use oxc_semantic::AstNode;
+use oxc_span::Span;
+
+use crate::{
+    context::LintContext,
+    rule::Rule,
+    utils::{
+        get_node_name, is_type_of_jest_fn_call, parse_jest_fn_call, JestFnKind, JestGeneralFnKind,
+        PossibleJestNode,
+    },
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error, Diagnostic)]
+#[error("eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.")]
+#[diagnostic(severity(warning), help("This should be done within a hook"))]
+struct UseHook(#[label] pub Span);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub struct RequireHookConfig {
+    allowed_function_calls: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub struct RequireHook(Box<RequireHookConfig>);
+
+impl std::ops::Deref for RequireHook {
+    type Target = RequireHookConfig;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+declare_oxc_lint!(
+    /// ### What it does
+    /// This rule flags any expression that is either at the toplevel of a test file or
+    /// directly within the body of a `describe`, _except_ for the following:
+    ///
+    /// - `import` statements
+    /// - `const` variables
+    /// - `let` _declarations_, and initializations to `null` or `undefined`
+    /// - Classes
+    /// - Types
+    /// - Calls to the standard Jest globals
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    /// ```javascript
+    /// // invalid
+    /// import { database, isCity } from '../database';
+    /// import { Logger } from '../../../src/Logger';
+    /// import { loadCities } from '../api';
+    ///
+    /// jest.mock('../api');
+    ///
+    /// const initializeCityDatabase = () => {
+    ///     database.addCity('Vienna');
+    ///     database.addCity('San Juan');
+    ///     database.addCity('Wellington');
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// const clearCityDatabase = () => {
+    ///     database.clear();
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// initializeCityDatabase();
+    ///
+    /// test('that persists cities', () => {
+    ///     expect(database.cities.length).toHaveLength(3);
+    /// });
+    /// test('city database has Vienna', () => {
+    ///     expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// test('city database has San Juan', () => {
+    ///     expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// describe('when loading cities from the api', () => {
+    ///     let consoleWarnSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'warn');
+    ///     loadCities.mockResolvedValue(['Wellington', 'London']);
+    ///
+    ///     it('does not duplicate cities', async () => {
+    ///         await database.loadCities();
+    ///         expect(database.cities).toHaveLength(4);
+    ///     });
+    /// });
+    /// clearCityDatabase();
+    ///
+    /// // valid
+    /// import { database, isCity } from '../database';
+    /// import { Logger } from '../../../src/Logger';
+    /// import { loadCities } from '../api';
+    ///
+    /// jest.mock('../api');
+    /// const initializeCityDatabase = () => {
+    ///     database.addCity('Vienna');
+    ///     database.addCity('San Juan');
+    ///     database.addCity('Wellington');
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// const clearCityDatabase = () => {
+    ///     database.clear();
+    /// };
+    ///
+    /// beforeEach(() => {
+    ///     initializeCityDatabase();
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// test('that persists cities', () => {
+    ///     expect(database.cities.length).toHaveLength(3);
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// test('city database has Vienna', () => {
+    ///     expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// test('city database has San Juan', () => {
+    ///     expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
+    /// });
+    ///
+    /// describe('when loading cities from the api', () => {
+    ///     let consoleWarnSpy;
+    ///     beforeEach(() => {
+    ///         consoleWarnSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'warn');
+    ///         loadCities.mockResolvedValue(['Wellington', 'London']);
+    ///     });
+    ///
+    ///     it('does not duplicate cities', async () => {
+    ///         await database.loadCities();
+    ///         expect(database.cities).toHaveLength(4);
+    ///     });
+    /// });
+    /// afterEach(() => {
+    ///     clearCityDatabase();
+    /// });
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    RequireHook,
+    style
+);
+
+impl Rule for RequireHook {
+    fn from_configuration(value: serde_json::Value) -> Self {
+        let allowed_function_calls = value
+            .get(0)
+            .and_then(|config| config.get("allowedFunctionCalls"))
+            .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_array)
+            .map(|v| {
+                v.iter().filter_map(serde_json::Value::as_str).map(ToString::to_string).collect()
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        Self(Box::new(RequireHookConfig { allowed_function_calls }))
+    }
+
+    fn run<'a>(&self, node: &AstNode<'a>, ctx: &LintContext<'a>) {
+        let kind = node.kind();
+
+        if let AstKind::Program(program) = kind {
+            self.check_block_body(node, &program.body, ctx);
+        } else if let AstKind::CallExpression(call_expr) = kind {
+            if !is_type_of_jest_fn_call(
+                call_expr,
+                &PossibleJestNode { node, original: None },
+                ctx,
+                &[JestFnKind::General(JestGeneralFnKind::Describe)],
+            ) || call_expr.arguments.len() < 2
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            let Some(Argument::Expression(second_arg_expr)) = call_expr.arguments.get(1) else {
+                return;
+            };
+
+            match second_arg_expr {
+                Expression::FunctionExpression(func_expr) => {
+                    if let Some(func_body) = &func_expr.body {
+                        self.check_block_body(node, &func_body.statements, ctx);
+                    };
+                }
+                Expression::ArrowFunctionExpression(arrow_func_expr) => {
+                    if !arrow_func_expr.expression {
+                        self.check_block_body(node, &arrow_func_expr.body.statements, ctx);
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RequireHook {
+    fn check_block_body<'a>(
+        &self,
+        node: &AstNode<'a>,
+        statements: &'a OxcVec<'a, Statement<'_>>,
+        ctx: &LintContext<'a>,
+    ) {
+        for stmt in statements {
+            self.check(node, stmt, ctx);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check<'a>(&self, node: &AstNode<'a>, stmt: &'a Statement<'_>, ctx: &LintContext<'a>) {
+        if let Statement::ExpressionStatement(expr_stmt) = stmt {
+            self.check_should_report_in_hook(node, &expr_stmt.expression, ctx);
+        } else if let Statement::Declaration(Declaration::VariableDeclaration(var_decl)) = stmt {
+            if var_decl.kind != VariableDeclarationKind::Const
+                && var_decl.declarations.iter().any(|decl| {
+                    let Some(init_call) = &decl.init else {
+                        return false;
+                    };
+                    !init_call.is_null_or_undefined()
+                })
+            {
+                ctx.diagnostic(UseHook(var_decl.span));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn check_should_report_in_hook<'a>(
+        &self,
+        node: &AstNode<'a>,
+        expr: &'a Expression<'a>,
+        ctx: &LintContext<'a>,
+    ) {
+        if let Expression::CallExpression(call_expr) = expr {
+            let name: String = get_node_name(&call_expr.callee);
+
+            if !(parse_jest_fn_call(call_expr, &PossibleJestNode { node, original: None }, ctx)
+                .is_some()
+                || name.starts_with("jest.")
+                || self.allowed_function_calls.contains(&name))
+            {
+                ctx.diagnostic(UseHook(call_expr.span));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn tests() {
+    use crate::tester::Tester;
+
+    let pass = vec![
+        ("describe()", None),
+        ("describe(\"just a title\")", None),
+        (
+            "
+                describe('a test', () =>
+                    test('something', () => {
+                        expect(true).toBe(true);
+                    })
+                );
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                test('it', () => {
+                    //
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                const { myFn } = require('../functions');
+
+                test('myFn', () => {
+                    expect(myFn()).toBe(1);
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                import { myFn } from '../functions';
+                test('myFn', () => {
+                    expect(myFn()).toBe(1);
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                class MockLogger {
+                    log() {}
+                }
+
+                test('myFn', () => {
+                    expect(myFn()).toBe(1);
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                const { myFn } = require('../functions');
+
+                describe('myFn', () => {
+                    it('returns one', () => {
+                        expect(myFn()).toBe(1);
+                    });
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                const { myFn } = require('../functions');
+
+                describe('myFn', function () {
+                    it('returns one', () => {
+                        expect(myFn()).toBe(1);
+                    });
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                describe('some tests', () => {
+                    it('is true', () => {
+                        expect(true).toBe(true);
+                    });
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                describe('some tests', () => {
+                    it('is true', () => {
+                        expect(true).toBe(true);
+                    });
+
+                    describe('more tests', () => {
+                        it('is false', () => {
+                            expect(true).toBe(false);
+                        });
+                    });
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                describe('some tests', () => {
+                    let consoleLogSpy;
+
+                    beforeEach(() => {
+                        consoleLogSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'log');
+                    });
+
+                    it('prints a message', () => {
+                        printMessage('hello world');
+                        expect(consoleLogSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('hello world');
+                    });
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                let consoleErrorSpy = null;
+
+                beforeEach(() => {
+                    consoleErrorSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'error');
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                let consoleErrorSpy = undefined;
+
+                beforeEach(() => {
+                    consoleErrorSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'error');
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                describe('some tests', () => {
+                    beforeEach(() => {
+                        setup();
+                    });
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                beforeEach(() => {
+                    initializeCityDatabase();
+                });
+
+                afterEach(() => {
+                    clearCityDatabase();
+                });
+
+                test('city database has Vienna', () => {
+                    expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
+                });
+
+                test('city database has San Juan', () => {
+                    expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                describe('cities', () => {
+                    beforeEach(() => {
+                        initializeCityDatabase();
+                    });
+
+                    test('city database has Vienna', () => {
+                        expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
+                    });
+
+                    test('city database has San Juan', () => {
+                        expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
+                    });
+
+                    afterEach(() => {
+                        clearCityDatabase();
+                    });
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                enableAutoDestroy(afterEach);
+
+                describe('some tests', () => {
+                    it('is false', () => {
+                        expect(true).toBe(true);
+                    });
+                });
+            ",
+            Some(serde_json::json!([{ "allowedFunctionCalls": ["enableAutoDestroy"] }])),
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                import { myFn } from '../functions';
+
+                // todo: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/pull/56545
+                declare module 'eslint' {
+                    namespace ESLint {
+                        interface LintResult {
+                            fatalErrorCount: number;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                test('myFn', () => {
+                    expect(myFn()).toBe(1);
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+    ];
+
+    let fail = vec![
+        ("setup();", None),
+        (
+            "
+                describe('some tests', () => {
+                    setup();
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                let { setup } = require('./test-utils');
+
+                describe('some tests', () => {
+                    setup();
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                describe('some tests', () => {
+                    setup();
+
+                    it('is true', () => {
+                        expect(true).toBe(true);
+                    });
+
+                    describe('more tests', () => {
+                        setup();
+
+                        it('is false', () => {
+                        expect(true).toBe(false);
+                        });
+                    });
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                let consoleErrorSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'error');
+
+                describe('when loading cities from the api', () => {
+                    let consoleWarnSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'warn');
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                let consoleErrorSpy = null;
+
+                describe('when loading cities from the api', () => {
+                  let consoleWarnSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'warn');
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        ("let value = 1", None),
+        ("let consoleErrorSpy, consoleWarnSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'error');", None),
+        ("let consoleErrorSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'error'), consoleWarnSpy;", None),
+        (
+            "
+                import { database, isCity } from '../database';
+                import { loadCities } from '../api';
+
+                jest.mock('../api');
+
+                const initializeCityDatabase = () => {
+                    database.addCity('Vienna');
+                    database.addCity('San Juan');
+                    database.addCity('Wellington');
+                };
+
+                const clearCityDatabase = () => {
+                    database.clear();
+                };
+
+                initializeCityDatabase();
+
+                test('that persists cities', () => {
+                    expect(database.cities.length).toHaveLength(3);
+                });
+
+                test('city database has Vienna', () => {
+                    expect(isCity('Vienna')).toBeTruthy();
+                });
+
+                test('city database has San Juan', () => {
+                    expect(isCity('San Juan')).toBeTruthy();
+                });
+
+                describe('when loading cities from the api', () => {
+                    let consoleWarnSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'warn');
+
+                    loadCities.mockResolvedValue(['Wellington', 'London']);
+
+                    it('does not duplicate cities', async () => {
+                        await database.loadCities();
+
+                        expect(database.cities).toHaveLength(4);
+                    });
+
+                    it('logs any duplicates', async () => {
+                        await database.loadCities();
+
+                        expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+                            'Ignored duplicate cities: Wellington',
+                        );
+                    });
+                });
+
+                clearCityDatabase();
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                enableAutoDestroy(afterEach);
+
+                describe('some tests', () => {
+                    it('is false', () => {
+                        expect(true).toBe(true);
+                    });
+                });
+            ",
+            Some(serde_json::json!([{ "allowedFunctionCalls": ["someOtherName"] }])),
+        ),
+        (
+            "
+                import { setup } from '../test-utils';
+
+                // todo: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/pull/56545
+                declare module 'eslint' {
+                    namespace ESLint {
+                        interface LintResult {
+                            fatalErrorCount: number;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                describe('some tests', () => {
+                    setup();
+                });
+            ",
+            None,
+        ),
+    ];
+
+    Tester::new(RequireHook::NAME, pass, fail).test_and_snapshot();
+}
diff --git a/crates/oxc_linter/src/snapshots/require_hook.snap b/crates/oxc_linter/src/snapshots/require_hook.snap
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3507904ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/oxc_linter/src/snapshots/require_hook.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+---
+source: crates/oxc_linter/src/tester.rs
+assertion_line: 157
+expression: require_hook
+---
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:1:1]
+ 1 │ setup();
+   · ───────
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:3:21]
+ 2 │                 describe('some tests', () => {
+ 3 │                     setup();
+   ·                     ───────
+ 4 │                 });
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:2:17]
+ 1 │ 
+ 2 │                 let { setup } = require('./test-utils');
+   ·                 ────────────────────────────────────────
+ 3 │ 
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:5:21]
+ 4 │                 describe('some tests', () => {
+ 5 │                     setup();
+   ·                     ───────
+ 6 │                 });
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:3:21]
+ 2 │                 describe('some tests', () => {
+ 3 │                     setup();
+   ·                     ───────
+ 4 │ 
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+    ╭─[require_hook.tsx:10:25]
+  9 │                     describe('more tests', () => {
+ 10 │                         setup();
+    ·                         ───────
+ 11 │ 
+    ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:2:17]
+ 1 │ 
+ 2 │                 let consoleErrorSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'error');
+   ·                 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ 3 │ 
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:5:21]
+ 4 │                 describe('when loading cities from the api', () => {
+ 5 │                     let consoleWarnSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'warn');
+   ·                     ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ 6 │                 });
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:5:19]
+ 4 │                 describe('when loading cities from the api', () => {
+ 5 │                   let consoleWarnSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'warn');
+   ·                   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ 6 │                 });
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:1:1]
+ 1 │ let value = 1
+   · ─────────────
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:1:1]
+ 1 │ let consoleErrorSpy, consoleWarnSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'error');
+   · ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:1:1]
+ 1 │ let consoleErrorSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'error'), consoleWarnSpy;
+   · ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+    ╭─[require_hook.tsx:17:17]
+ 16 │ 
+ 17 │                 initializeCityDatabase();
+    ·                 ────────────────────────
+ 18 │ 
+    ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+    ╭─[require_hook.tsx:51:17]
+ 50 │ 
+ 51 │                 clearCityDatabase();
+    ·                 ───────────────────
+ 52 │             
+    ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+    ╭─[require_hook.tsx:32:21]
+ 31 │                 describe('when loading cities from the api', () => {
+ 32 │                     let consoleWarnSpy = jest.spyOn(console, 'warn');
+    ·                     ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ 33 │ 
+    ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+    ╭─[require_hook.tsx:34:21]
+ 33 │ 
+ 34 │                     loadCities.mockResolvedValue(['Wellington', 'London']);
+    ·                     ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ 35 │ 
+    ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+   ╭─[require_hook.tsx:2:17]
+ 1 │ 
+ 2 │                 enableAutoDestroy(afterEach);
+   ·                 ────────────────────────────
+ 3 │ 
+   ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook
+
+  ⚠ eslint-plugin-jest(require-hook): Require setup and teardown code to be within a hook.
+    ╭─[require_hook.tsx:14:21]
+ 13 │                 describe('some tests', () => {
+ 14 │                     setup();
+    ·                     ───────
+ 15 │                 });
+    ╰────
+  help: This should be done within a hook