diff --git a/lib/jwa/aes_cbc_hmac_sha2.js b/lib/jwa/aes_cbc_hmac_sha2.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..63b58622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/jwa/aes_cbc_hmac_sha2.js
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+const { createCipheriv, createDecipheriv } = require('crypto')
+const { timingSafeEqual } = require('crypto')
+const { strict: assert } = require('assert')
+
+const { TODO } = require('../errors')
+
+const MAX_INT32 = Math.pow(2, 32)
+
+const uint64be = (value, buf = Buffer.alloc(8)) => {
+  const high = Math.floor(value / MAX_INT32)
+  const low = value % MAX_INT32
+
+  buf.writeUInt32BE(high, 0)
+  buf.writeUInt32BE(low, 4)
+  return buf
+}
+
+const ivCheck = (iv) => {
+  if (!iv || iv.length !== 16) {
+    throw new TODO('invalid iv')
+  }
+}
+const keyCheck = (key, size) => {
+  if ((size << 1) !== (key.length << 3)) {
+    throw new TODO('invalid key size')
+  }
+}
+
+const encrypt = (size, sign, { keyObject }, payload, { iv, aad = Buffer.alloc(0) }) => {
+  const key = keyObject.export()
+  ivCheck(iv)
+  keyCheck(key, size)
+
+  const encKey = key.slice(size / 8)
+  const cipher = createCipheriv(`AES-${size}-CBC`, encKey, iv)
+  const ciphertext = Buffer.concat([cipher.update(payload), cipher.final()])
+  const macData = Buffer.concat([aad, iv, ciphertext, uint64be(aad.length * 8)])
+
+  const macKey = key.slice(0, size / 8)
+  const tag = sign({ keyObject: macKey }, macData).slice(0, size / 8)
+
+  return { ciphertext, tag }
+}
+
+const verify = (actual, expected) => {
+  if (expected.length !== actual.length) {
+    return timingSafeEqual(actual, Buffer.allocUnsafe(actual.length))
+  }
+
+  return timingSafeEqual(actual, expected)
+}
+
+const decrypt = (size, sign, { keyObject }, ciphertext, { iv, tag = Buffer.alloc(0), aad = Buffer.alloc(0) }) => {
+  const key = keyObject.export()
+  ivCheck(iv)
+  keyCheck(key, size)
+
+  const encKey = key.slice(size / 8)
+  const macKey = key.slice(0, size / 8)
+
+  const macData = Buffer.concat([aad, iv, ciphertext, uint64be(aad.length * 8)])
+
+  const expectedTag = sign({ keyObject: macKey }, macData, tag).slice(0, size / 8)
+
+  if (!verify(tag, expectedTag)) {
+    throw new TODO('mac check failed')
+  }
+
+  const cipher = createDecipheriv(`AES-${size}-CBC`, encKey, iv)
+
+  return Buffer.concat([cipher.update(ciphertext), cipher.final()])
+}
+
+module.exports = (JWA) => {
+  ['A128CBC-HS256', 'A192CBC-HS384', 'A256CBC-HS512'].forEach((jwaAlg) => {
+    const size = parseInt(jwaAlg.substr(1, 3), 10)
+
+    assert(!JWA.encrypt.has(jwaAlg), `encrypt alg ${jwaAlg} already registered`)
+    assert(!JWA.decrypt.has(jwaAlg), `decrypt alg ${jwaAlg} already registered`)
+
+    JWA.encrypt.set(jwaAlg, encrypt.bind(undefined, size, JWA.sign.get(`HS${size * 2}`)))
+    JWA.decrypt.set(jwaAlg, decrypt.bind(undefined, size, JWA.sign.get(`HS${size * 2}`)))
+  })
+}
diff --git a/lib/jwa/index.js b/lib/jwa/index.js
index bace3dbd..e857e9fa 100644
--- a/lib/jwa/index.js
+++ b/lib/jwa/index.js
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ const JWA = {
   verify: new Map(),
   wrapKey: new Map(),
   unwrapKey: new Map(),
+  encrypt: new Map(),
+  decrypt: new Map()
 }
 
 // sign, verify
@@ -16,6 +18,9 @@ require('./rsassa_pkcs1')(JWA)
 // wrapKey, unwrapKey
 require('./rsaes')(JWA)
 
+// encrypt, decrypt
+require('./aes_cbc_hmac_sha2')(JWA)
+
 module.exports = {
   sign: (alg, key, payload) => {
     if (!JWA.sign.has(alg)) {
@@ -45,7 +50,7 @@ module.exports = {
       throw new TODO(`the key does not support ${alg} wrapKey algorithm`)
     }
 
-    return JWA.sign.get(alg)(key, payload)
+    return JWA.wrapKey.get(alg)(key, payload)
   },
   unwrapKey: (alg, key, payload) => {
     if (!JWA.unwrapKey.has(alg)) {
@@ -56,5 +61,25 @@ module.exports = {
     }
 
     return JWA.unwrapKey.get(alg)(key, payload)
+  },
+  encrypt: (alg, key, cleartext, opts) => {
+    if (!JWA.encrypt.has(alg)) {
+      throw new TODO(`encrypt alg ${alg} not implemented`)
+    }
+    if (!key.algorithms('encrypt').has(alg)) {
+      throw new TODO(`the key does not support ${alg} encrypt algorithm`)
+    }
+
+    return JWA.encrypt.get(alg)(key, cleartext, opts)
+  },
+  decrypt: (alg, key, ciphertext, opts) => {
+    if (!JWA.decrypt.has(alg)) {
+      throw new TODO(`decrypt alg ${alg} not implemented`)
+    }
+    if (!key.algorithms('decrypt').has(alg)) {
+      throw new TODO(`the key does not support ${alg} decrypt algorithm`)
+    }
+
+    return JWA.decrypt.get(alg)(key, ciphertext, opts)
   }
 }
diff --git a/lib/jwe/generate_cek.js b/lib/jwe/generate_cek.js
index 636f8a1e..41454a1c 100644
--- a/lib/jwe/generate_cek.js
+++ b/lib/jwe/generate_cek.js
@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ module.exports = (alg) => {
     throw new TypeError('unsupported intended content encryption key alg')
   }
 
-  return new OctKey(createSecretKey(randomBytes(byteLength)))
+  return new OctKey(createSecretKey(randomBytes(byteLength)), { use: 'enc', alg })
 }
diff --git a/lib/jwe/generate_iv.js b/lib/jwe/generate_iv.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe475ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/jwe/generate_iv.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+const { randomBytes } = require('crypto')
+
+const IVLENGTHS = {
+  'A128CBC-HS256': 128 / 8,
+  'A192CBC-HS384': 128 / 8,
+  'A256CBC-HS512': 128 / 8,
+  'A128GCM': 96 / 8,
+  'A192GCM': 96 / 8,
+  'A256GCM': 96 / 8
+}
+
+module.exports = (alg) => {
+  const byteLength = IVLENGTHS[alg]
+
+  if (byteLength === undefined) {
+    throw new TypeError('unsupported intended content encryption key alg')
+  }
+
+  return randomBytes(byteLength)
+}
diff --git a/lib/jwe/serializers.js b/lib/jwe/serializers.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..271919d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/jwe/serializers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+const { TODO } = require('../errors')
+
+function detect (input) {
+  if (typeof input === 'string') {
+    return 'compact'
+  }
+
+  if ('encrypted_key' in input) {
+    return 'flattened'
+  }
+
+  if ('recipients' in input && 'ciphertext' in input && Array.isArray(input.recipients)) {
+    if (input.signatures.every(s => 'encrypted_key' in s)) {
+      return 'general'
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw new TODO('invalid serialization')
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  detect
+}
diff --git a/lib/jws/verify.js b/lib/jws/verify.js
index aa2c52ba..5d48baa2 100644
--- a/lib/jws/verify.js
+++ b/lib/jws/verify.js
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ module.exports = (jws, key) => {
   if (SINGLE_RECIPIENT.has(serialization)) {
     if (serialization === 'compact') { // compact serialization format
       ([prot, payload, signature] = jws.split('.'))
+      // TODO: assert prot, payload, signature
     } else { // flattened serialization format
       ({ protected: prot, payload, signature } = jws)
     }